Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Divorce and Its Impact on Cpuples and Children Essay

The term divorce is a legal term that denotes the separation of two individuals in a legal manner that was once connected to each other as a result of marriage. Divorce can be a lifetime separation between couples and can even be a limited time separation between couples. Recently, the world has witnessed a surge in the number of divorces taking place and the occurrence of this event is even at its peak in the United States. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported during the period of 2011, that out of every 1000 individuals, almost 3.6 individuals have experienced divorce (cdc.gov, 2013). Divorce does not only impact the couples who are being separated, it even impacts the children of the couples. Much emphasis has been†¦show more content†¦Divorces mostly occur as a result of thrifts between the couples and due to this their psychological wellbeing is hampered and when psychological wellbeing of individuals is compromised, it is more likely that the couples fail to focus on their work which may result in financial issues. Divorce may mitigate these psychological issues and the couples may be able to focus on their work in a better manner and this may eventually result in better financial rewards attained from high performance. It is not necessary that children are always negatively impacted by a divorce. Divorce as stated again and again mostly occur due to frugalities between parents and these frugalities may result in domestic abuse or domestic violence experienced by children. A divorce resulting due to case of domestic violence may favorably impact the children, since children may be able to avoid these abuses. Secondly when parents are involved in fighting with each other, they tend to give up on their bonding with their children. Divorces can be a solution, as well as bonding between parents and children may increase as a result of divorce because after a divorce parents will have more time to spend with their children instead of fighting with each other. Although, couples take the option of divorce after their dissatisfaction with their marriage but divorces impact both the

Monday, December 16, 2019

Factor Affecting Organizational Behavior Free Essays

string(46) " watches an assigned video and write a paper\." Facilitator: Harry J. Bury, Ph. D. We will write a custom essay sample on Factor Affecting Organizational Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Office: (216) 826-2395 Home: (216) 891-9517 E MAIL: hbury@bw. edu Website: http://homepages. bw. edu/~hbury The macro-perspective provides a broader view of organizational effectiveness by dealing with the major sub-units of the organization rather than individuals and small groups. This perspective deals with employee behavior as well as with overall design of the organization, efficiency, and adaptation to the environment.The macro-route to organizational change includes design of individual roles and organizational structures, relationships among roles, control systems, and information technology. A field activity in organizational development is a major focus of the course. To be an effective systems manager one needs to be adept at working in teams, achieving goals and objectives with and through other people. In addition, people tend to learn more when they are involved in the learning process and when they are called upon to facilitate the learning of others. We have nineteen meetings together during this session.Hardly enough time to understand the Theories of Organizational Behavior. Hence, we will only scratch the surface. The objective is to spark our interest so that we all are motivated to delve deeper into this marvelous and exciting subject matter the rest of our lives. Each time I have the privilege to facilitate the learning of this material I change the process in order to both find a more effective way to achieve the goals of learning and to not become boring through repetition. The process will include a feedback sheet which each participant is asked to submit each meeting.It is designed to enable me to understand what is happening with you as we proceed through this learning experience together. On the sheet will be a place for you to ask questions. I do not claim to have answers but your questions may well cause valuable discussion in Organizational Behavior areas of class interest and enable the experience to be a practical one. I will share my opinion and ask course participants to do the same. I ask that you fill out the feedback sheet the weekend of the class itself and please give it to me at 7:00 p. m. he following Friday evening class. Each team will usually meet together on Friday evening from 7:00 p. m. to 7:15 p. m. The purpose of the meeting is to reflect together about the learnings of the previous class in order to get our minds focused on the subject matter. We suggest that individuals who arrive early begin the team meeting at once in an effort to be efficient and perhaps eliminate or shorten team meetings on non-class days. First Organizational Development Learning Opportunity This year a major focus is to better understand organizations by changing them.Consequently, learning teams of two persons will select an organization (such as a branch bank, a police or fire department, a small business, an accounting department, a dental practice, a library, the Board of Directors of the Jaycees, etc. ) and do an organizational change effort aimed at transforming the culture or total system of an organization or organizational subunit. A team building process would be excellent. Remember, these are not simply training activities. Facilitators need to focus on the process of the client system.Interventions need to relate to how the client system does its work in terms of facilitating improvement. The course facilitator’s assumption is that this is a year long change project. It would be helpful to find the client system during the summer. The facilitators will report their results to the class and submit a written report to each colleague and two reports to the course facilitator. In the past, facilitators have invited persons from the client system to participate in the presentation to the class and it has proved very effective.The written report may be of any length necessary to cover the essentials with a major focus on the results of your various interventions. Capture and present to the class the spirit of the change process as well as the organizational and personal goal accomplishments. Two facilitator teams will report their progress to the class each session and invite the class to participate in their questions and dilemmas. Each team will meet with the course facilitator beforehand to design the class facilitation at the completion of their intervention. Second Learning OpportunityIn addition, teams of five will research a leading-edge company in Organizational Development and present their findings to the class in the form of a written report the session prior and lead a discussion of their findings the next session. Use the text Maverick as an example of a leading edge company. Please divide the report into three parts: 1. Description of the company’s cutting edge behaviors. Note, the emphasis on actual behavior, not theory. 2. What the Learning Team thinks about the cutting edge behaviors, what further advances the company will make, etc. 3.Indicate how each of the learning team members plan to implement their learnings from this experience in their own work place. Remember to distribute the written report for both assignments two weeks before facilitating the discussion of the team’s organization’s behavior. If possible, invite the CEO, plant manager and hourly personnel to participate in the discussion. Third Learning Opportunity Your team is to find a work group/organization that will allow you to observe people at work. Using information from Chapter 21, redesign their workgroups jobs for the purpose of increasing performance and intrinsic motivation. Return to the workgroup and share your new design with both the workers and the supervisor separately and be attentive to their feedback. Capture the learning from this entire experience in a paper of about 3 to 4 pages and be prepared to present your findings to the class. Everyone attending every class meeting will have two points added to the final grade. If one misses a class, two points will be deducted from the final grade unless one watches an assigned video and write a paper. You read "Factor Affecting Organizational Behavior" in category "Papers" This is not punishment. It is an opportunity to get one’s money’s worth by added learning.All team members will receive the same grade for the company research project. The same for the two person facilitation project. In addition, both the quality of the content as well as the spirit of the contributions are significant variables in grading. A+ = 99 to 100% Facilitator Project First Learning Opportunity, 50% A = 94 to 98% Company Research Second Learning Opportunity, 30% A- = 90 to 93% Third Learning Opportunity and Participation each 10% B+ = 87 to 89%B = 83 to 86% B- = 80 to 82% C+ = 76 to 79% C = 73 to 75% C- = 70 to 72% A-, A and A+ means going beyond standard-doing more than what would be normally expected of an EMBA participant. SCHEDULE Introduction: Discussion of OD Consulting Intervention, Appreciative Inquiry Deanna Anthony, Ch. 21 A New Strategy For Job Involvement (p. 636) Third Learning Opportunity Report from all five teams David Blain, Ch. 7 Active Listening (p. 208) Active Listening Exercise Visualization Revisited. An Exercise in Team Visualization Richard Clark, Ch. The Thinking Organization: How Patterns of Thought Determine Organizational Culture (p. 244) Paul Colella, Ch. 14 Coming to New Awareness of Organizational Culture (p. 427) An Exercise in Force Field Analysis Other Cultural Issues Trina Rauscher-Cooper, Ch. 22 Why Change Programs Don’t Produce Change (p. 665) Brian Dean, Ch. 22 Managing the Human Side of Change (p. 676) Darlene Grant, Ch. 22 Rules of Thumb for Change Agents (p. 683) Regina Johnson, Ch. 9 Work Teams: Applications and Effectiveness (p. 68) Salvatore Lazar, Ch. 9 Group Think Reconsidered (p. 251) Film Matthew Lopiccolo, Ch. 13 Firms With a Superior Leadership Capacity: Practices that Creat Better-Than-Everage. Management Teams (p. 416) Team I Second Learning Opportunity Report. Discussion, application Gordon McCance, Ch. 14 Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow Team II Second Learning Opportunity Report. Discussion and application David Miskel, Ch. 13 – Four Competencies of Leadership (p. 395) Team III Second Learning Opportunity Report.Discussion and application Craig Niedermien, Ch. 13 Super Leadership: Beyond the Myth of Heroic Leadership (p. 401) Team IV Second Leadership Opportunity Report. Discussion, application Sherry Ochmann, Ch. 16 The Leadership Challenge – A Call for Transformational Leader (p. 476) Team V Second Leadership Opportunity Report. Discussion, application Patrick O’Connor, Ch. 12 Vive La Difference? Gender and Management in the New Work Place (p. 366) Rich Rawlinson, Ch. 12 The Multicultural Organization (p. 53) First Learning Opportunity Reports Ken Ressler, Ch. 11 Managing Conflict Among Groups (p. 317) Intergroup Exercise First Learning Opportunity Reports First Learning Opportunity Reports TEXTS: No one book is adequate for the course. The expectation is that graduate students will consult many sources. Hence many books and videos are on reserve for you in the library. Please avail yourself of these marvelous resources. In addition, two texts are necessary for this course. Organizational Behavior Reader, by Kolb, D. , Osland, J. , and Rubin, ISixth Edition, Prentice Hall, 1995 Maverick, Recardo Semler, Warner Books, 1993; Expectations Criteria for achieving high marks for participation I expect each of you to: – Change seats each class meeting. Make a point to sit next to all other 24 members of this class organization. – Be open and honest with me, your peers, and associates. Let me know what is going well for you and what is not. – Go out of your way to avoid obstacles with communications. If I am presenting an obstacle to you or become a roadblock, let me know. Manage your area of responsibility in such a way as to positively contribute to the overall class results as well as your personal goals and objectives. A gain for you at the expense of someone else is a loss for the whole class. Teamwork is essential — here is no room for â€Å"gamesmanship† or â€Å"one up† stuff. – Know what is going on in other EMBA classes as well as companies and organizations off campus. Visit them and have them visit us-find out how they manage things-steal all the ideas you can-network whenever possible.The greatest compliment you can give me as a class facilitator is to bring friends to class. – Keep me informed-verbally and with written material-Use your judgment about frequency, methods, etc. I’ll let you know if it is meeting my needs. – Provide me with feedback (included page 10) that indicates your ideas, feelings, progress. – Do your best to solve problems. Do not present me with problems to solve; instead, develop alternatives and act if possible. If you need my input, I am available to provide it. Use me as a â€Å"sounding board†/coach. Involve your work team and associates, even family in planning, meeting challenges, improvement, etc. They might know more about something than you do. Mix with first year participants and Health Care EMBAs at lunch and dinner. Serve as mentors, show your knowledge and experience. – Assess how you are impacting this class-adding to it, treading water, or pulling us under. – Help me and your class colleagues-volunteer and respond to requests.Plan to get together for drinks and conversation after class each Friday evening. Do not rush to leave the company of your colleagues in this program. Also, helping others, whether manager, facilitator or colleague, is not â€Å"sucking up†, but networking and cooperative behavior designed to benefit the whole system. – Continually strive to improve the quality and efficiency of the educational process. Constantly ask yourself, â€Å"How can I learn more, better apply what I am learning, help others in the class learn? – Know all your class colleagues; find out what they need and expect from you; ask them to evaluate you. – Complete requests from me by the due date or negotiate other arrangements in advance of the due date. Lead. If you see a lack of leadership by me or others, take the lead. It is not vested in me. Be proactive rather than reactive. – Expect a lot from your team, your class colleagues and yourself. – Behave in ways that positively contribute to us being more human with each other; respect the dignity of each individual. – Grow and help others grow. I am bored around people who are treading water. How are you a more valuable person this month than last – what have you learned, what skills have you improved, how are you better? – Challenge me, I need to grow too! – Have a lot of fun doing this work! How to cite Factor Affecting Organizational Behavior, Papers

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Engineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Engineering Fundamentals and Problem Solving. Answer: Introduction The Mayukwayukwa housing project is a program for settling refugees in the country, and is located in the Western Province of Zambia, and specifically in Kaoma District. The scheme is home to about 11,000 refugees; more than 6,000 of whom are indigenously from Angola. The facility was established in 1966 when many Angolans were fleeing their country from the liberation war taking place in Angola around this time. The facility can thus be said to the oldest refugee camp in the African continent, as it was established before any other countries in Africa had any civil wars. The remainder of the refugees who have since settled in the camp has come from other African countries near Zambia that have experienced the perils of war, including Rwanda, The Democratic Republic of Congo and Burundi. Since Zambia has continued to experience a state of stability and peace even amidst the continuing rage of war in its neighboring countries, Zambia has found it fit to rescind the refugee status for the refugees that have inhabited this country for more than half a century has passed since the facility was set up. The Zambian government began the process of integrating about 10,000 refugees from Angola into its community of Zambians by giving them permanent residency status. This case was also applied to about 4,000 Rwandan refugees, whose status of being refugees had long expired and remained in the country with nowhere else to go and no other place to call home. The refugees whose status has been rescinded are now able to legally settle and continue with their lives as Zambian citizens on permanent residency. Only about 6,000 refugees formerly from Angola have been considered eligible for the permanent residency arrangements after applications, and thus only those have been able to be integrated into the Zambian community. The Zambian government has made it possible for these former refugees to integrate fully into the community by allocating them between five and ten hectare s of land for farming, depending on the size of their families. This allocation of land has been made possible so as to enable the former refugees to leave the camp and start a new life as individual and integrated members of the Mayukwayukwa community of Zambia. The government has set aside 2800 plots, to be allocated to the former refugees who succeed with their applications at both the Mayukwayukwa refugee camp, and another adjacent camp in Maheba District, still in the Western Province of Zambia. Engineers Without Borders, Australian Chapter, UNHCR, and the refugee community have begun to partner with the community to develop both technical and engineering solutions for the communities. This will assure the community of a smooth integration project and creating sustainable livelihoods for these integrated former refugees as well as for the refugees that have been left behind in the camps to make their lives more habitable and tolerable. To be able to turn out as a successful engineer in todays professional world, one ought to be capable of communicating effectively in written and verbal forms. The letters were written to invite applicants to express interests and that were written in response are both lacking in their ability to communicate effectively. While they both have all the expected layout parts making them effective for communication, they fail to address the factors in line with the EWB objectives including clearly highlighting how they are able to develop skills in sustainable design contexts and failing to highlight the complexities of working across different cultures. These letters could be improved by clearly highlighting how the project being advertised will factor in sustainable design and sustainable engineering contexts, as well as stipulating the possible complexities that could result in working in the said community if one is not from South Africa. In addition, the response could also benefit f rom highlighting some of the cross-cultural backgrounds it has been able to work in a cross-cultural background, as well as highlighting some of the technical work it had been involved in both in the letter and in the said attached annexures. This would give the recipients of the letter a better account of what the projects were about and what the responding company could do for the project right away. Project Research Findings The project will align with the goals and values of EWB, as it is a sustainable project built with the main aim resettling former refugees from a refugee camp and integrating it into the Zambian community in the Mayukwayukwa resettlement area. The project alternatives utilized in the area will include building homes using low-cost structural materials like corrugated iron sheets, and steel rods for the roofs as well as reinforced concrete. It also entails the use of locally available materials in a different form than the community traditionally uses them to fill the walls of the structure and make it a more durable home than the one they inhabited when in the refugee camp. The designs will also factor in the local norms; culture and religion of the people being resettled in the project site, as it will utilize the same materials that they use for building, only use them differently to add value to the structures that will be built. The skills will also be taught to the people of the community to empower them to continue building themselves and their communities in a social, economic and cultural manner. The project will seek to utilize the local materials utilized by the community only in a different manner to ensure that the structures built will be durable and strong, cutting the maintenance costs that the community had to incur ever so regularly as a result of weather patterns and the impact of destructive termites. It will utilize the community knowledge and skills, as well as add to these aspects by teaching the community more profitable ways of building long-lasting structures using the locally available materials. The new methods of building will make the structures more durable to withstand the different climatic seasons without having to repair and replace their homes as a result of rains or the effect of termites. The design will utilize locally available material like mud, wood and grass, thus considering the natural environment, and preserving the land from the impact of encroaching climate change. Since wood will be utilized, the resettled families will be encouraged to plant trees to protect the earth from the impact of climate change as well as promoting sustainable land management. The Engineering Method and Problem Solving Cycle After analyzing the problem faced by the families being resettled to be integrated into the Mayukwayukwa Zambian community from the refugee camps, both the engineering method and the problem-solving cycle was effective in helping to come up with the project alternatives and outcomes to be utilized in the project. The first step entailed properly researching the problem so as to clearly define the problem and also to identify what exactly is required and how it could be achieved. After clearly understanding the problem, it was simple to brainstorm different ideas about how it could be solved by creating alternative solutions. The performance criteria made in the first stage was utilized to evaluate the applicability of all the solutions brought forward in the brainstorming stage. The remaining solutions were also monitored and reviewed to ensure that they would be appropriate and applicable for the project. Finally, the proposed solutions and recommendations are to be communicated so as to be considered as possible solutions for the said problem. The solutions proposed in this project were socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. Social sustainability was manifested in this project in that the project team understands that the building methods that are being introduced to the community are new and thus the members of the households in this community ought to participate in filling in the walls themselves, so as to increase the labor force and complete the project on time. Most importantly, the participation of the community in this project will enable members of the community to greatly benefit from the skills they learn from the project. It will also enable them to continue to practice and use these techniques of building new homes for future generations, and thus achieving social sustainability. Economically, sustainability is achieved through the fact that the proposed solutions for this project utilize the community for labor and locally available materials for the construction projects. While the initial cost for future project might cost the community a little more than it did when the project is being funded by Habitats for Humans, UNHCR, and EWB, economic sustainability will be achieved. This will be seen through the very low initial cost and durability of the project, unlike the way the community suffered to regularly maintained the traditionally built homes. In addition, those who learn the skill could also achieve economic sustainability of earning a living from constructing such structures for the community and investing that money in other sectors like agriculture to promote a continuous and sustainable economic cycle in the community. Finally, the project attains environmental sustainability by the utilization of locally available materials that do not negatively affect the environment. The material used will consider the prosperity of the natural environment in the face of climate change and global warming. Since wood will be utilized in filling the walls of the rooms of the structure, the resettled families will be encouraged to plant trees in the plots of land they have been allocated as farmlands for the newly resettled families. This will aid to protect the earth from the impact of climate change as well as promoting sustainable land management. The project alternatives offered will factor in culture in engineering design by utilizing the same materials that have been used by the community for constructing homes, structures, and infrastructure. The materials will, however, be utilized differently so as to increase the durability of the new structures. Culture will also be emphasized by ensuring that the community has learned the skill of using the locally available material differently so as to continue the culture of building long-lasting and durable homes for the same community. In addition, the design project will urge the community to start a culture of planting trees in their large tracts of land, encouraging environment and land management sustainability. Alternative Designs and Viable Solutions The project will assist in the provision of resettlement shelters for the former refugees from the Mayukwayukwa refugee settlement and be integrated into the Zambian community through three major aspects. First and foremost, the project scope seeks to improve the design of the shelters that the families leaving the camps will go to settle in and integrate with the Zambian community due to the resettlement programs. This will ensure that the community incorporates the locally available materials to fill in the walls and make a durable home for their families. In addition, it will enable them to learn the skills that are necessary, so that they could expand their own homes and make additional rooms of the home so that the space could be sufficient for the family sizes of the resettled families. It will also help them to cut down on the costs that are involved with the purchase of some necessary materials, as locally available materials are cheaper options for the recommended structural materials. In so doing, the project will empower the new resettled former refugee community to put a durable roof over their heads as the program suggests, benefiting both the people and the community at large. The skills gained in the process could also be used in the future after other families are resettled, helping the community to empower itself to grow both socially, economically and culturally. The project will also entail the utilization of alternative methods to incorporate the locally available materials during the construction of their new resettlement shelters to make the structures more durable than when they use this material in the way they have done for decades. Different construction methods will be suggested in this project for the new resettlement areas so that the locally available materials that are cheap and easy to find in these communities can be utilized differently thus making this homes more durable than it has ever been for the community. In addition, this different utilization will help the community to cut down the costs associated with maintaining and replacing the shelters that the locals had built using the locally available materials after the effect of different weather patterns. The people in the community could also benefit from learning the skills of using the locally available materials and benefit the community and themselves from building t he shelters differently, to make them more durable and long-lasting. Finally, the project will also entail incorporating different methods to termite proof the homes and buildings that will be inhabited by the resettled former refugee families. The project will incorporate different methods to destroy any currently existing termites in the resettlement area, as well as implement strategies that will keep these destructive insects away from the homes and buildings constructed at the said resettlement areas. These insects have greatly contributed to the damages on the shelters, buildings, and infrastructure that the former refugees had at their respective camps, and thus getting rid of them for good will be a great help for the newly settled families. These methods will not only save the families the regular maintenance costs associated with replacing the wooden structural components, but they will also benefit the community by empowering them with the knowledge that will keep these insects at bay from the community for good. This will be achieved throu gh making their structures and infrastructure more stable and durable for the entire resettlement area. Considerations and Methodology for Selecting the Solutions The project is to be completed by using the locally available materials and in a short span of time. This short timeframe will enable the newly resettled families to inhabit their new durable homes in time after being resettled from the respective camps and being allocated a plot of land for the entire family to farm and make a living. The following considerations were made before selecting the solutions Project team members will stick by the communications and executions plans to ensure no hitches in the delivery of service to the community. All the stakeholders will act in accordance with the project plan, so as to avoid a conflict of interests. The different households whose homes are being built in the project will provide manpower for any help needed in the constructions of their more durable homes, including help in filling the walls with locally available materials to turn the structures into durable habitable homes. The project plan might continue to change as more people continue to be found eligible by the government for permanency and resettlement, and as new issues that relate to the project continue to come to light. The beneficiaries of the resettlement area design and construction area have little or no resources to help the project team with the provision of the required materials, and thus locally available materials will be used in a different format to construct homes for all beneficiaries. The responsibilities of the project manager will include developing a communications plan, travel to meet with the stakeholders to understand what exactly is expected of the project team, communicate with the different stakeholders on behalf of the team, prepare project management reports, and communicate to the volunteers interested in participating and learning from the project. Project Management Approach As the resettlement situation with the camp continues to change in the course of the project, the plan of the project may have to change given the dynamic situation of things. This, however, means that the resources of time, labor, and finances, as well as the quality of the project, may continue to change with other factors. Issues should be managed by using a given process so as to accurately and effectively protect the resources and quality of the project. Any changes that could impact the scope, timing, and financing or even labor supply in the project cycles should be noted by the project manager. The PM is also expected to assess the change and the impact that it will have on the deliverables. At this stage, the issue should also be clearly communicated to the stakeholders of the project for a review and for them to decide on how the project will be handled in the face of the issue. The stakeholders should then give a consensus on the way forward regarding the issue. If the sta keholders cannot decide on the issue, it should then be forwarded to the sponsor of the project so he can give overall recommendations. The decision is then to be communicated to the stakeholders and the project team so that it can act accordingly. Communications Plan The sharing of information in a project team is of utmost importance for any project to be successful. All the participants and stakeholders of the project ought to know exactly how the project is fairing and how this progress affects them. A communication plan factors in stakeholders such as the sponsor of the project, the committee in charge of the project, the project manager and his/her team, the participants and beneficiaries of the project, as well as the experts conducting the project. Since information concerning the project could come from either of these stakeholders, having top down, bottom up, and middle out communication methodology could guarantee the effectiveness of the information dissemination. In top down methodologies the executive of the project speaks in one voice and what every other party stands to gain or lose, as well as listen to all the other strata in the chain of command. Bottom up communication allows personnel to explain how the solutions were arrived at, promoting inclusivity in decision making and overall acceptance of the project by the community. Finally, middle out communication allows all to participate in change, promoting a personal entitlement of the project and thus sustainability in the group. Communication outreaches should be done through status reports and status meetings so that all stakeholders remain aware of the progress of the project and that anxiety is controlled. References Eide, AR, Roland, J, Mashaw, L, Northup, LL. 2001. Engineering Fundamentals Problem Solving (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Engineering Accreditation Commission, 2003. Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs. Baltimore: ABET. Inc. Engineering Communication Centre 2002. Proposals. from the World Wide Web: https://www.ecf.toronto.edu/%7Ewriting/handbook-proposals.html. Gomez, A.G., Oakes, W.C., Leone, L.L. 2004. Engineering Your Future: A Project-Based Introduction to Engineering. Okemos: Great Lakes Press, Inc. Kaoma District Council, n.d. Kaoma District Development Plan 2014-2016, s.l.: s.n. McGourty, J., DeMeuse, K.P. 2000. The Team Developer: An Assessment and Skill Building Program Student Guidebook. New York: Wiley. Miller, Vanessa. 2004, January 27. Churches plan to open for shelter. Iowa City: Iowa City Press-Citizen. Milligan, A. 2001. Cement and wood-wool combine to improve Philippine housing. Partners in Research for Development, 14, 2-8. https://www.aciar.gov.au/web.nsf/att/ACIA-5KE7UT/$file/Cement__wood-wooPart14.pdf PEER Consultants, P.C. PEER Africa (Pty) Ltd. (no publication date listed). Passive Solar Technology for 21st Century Communities. Rockville: PEER Consultants, P.C. PEER Consultants, P.C. 2004. Engineers Scientists Planners from the World Wide Web: https://www.peercpc.com/aboutus.htm. Redden, J.2006. After four decades, UNHCR foresees an end to the plight of refugees in Zambia UN Refugee Agency News Stories, https://www.unhcr.org/4433f2774.html Sustainable Buildings Industry Council 2004. Designing Low-Energy Buildings with Energy-10. World Wide Web: https://www.sbicouncil.org/store/e10.php. The University of Iowa 2004. The Hanson Center for Technical Communication. from the World Wide Web: https://www.engineering.uiowa.edu/%7Ectc/. U.S. Department of Energy 2004. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 2004 from the World Wide Web: https://www.eere.energy.gov/. UNHCR, 2014. A draft livelihoods strategy document in support of the local integration of former refugees in Zambia, s.l.: UNHCR. UNHCR, 2015a. Local Integration Programme for Local Refugees in Zambia, s.l.: UNHCR. UNHCR, 2015c. UNHCR Operation in Zambia Factsheet. [Online] Available at: https://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e485ba6.html University of Idaho 2004. Letter of Transmittal Outline. from the World Wide Web: https://www.class.uidaho.edu/adv_tech_wrt/week14/letter_transmittal_outline.htm. Valentine, R., Hornbuckle, K., Stoner, J., Jessop, J. 2003. Engineering Problem Solving I. ASEE 2003 North Midwest Regional Conference Proceedings CD-ROM edition.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

Language of Math free essay sample

If there is one thing I have never been great at is learning another language. Ive worked my hardest in school, but still had a problem. It was affecting my grade and frustrating me, but with help from math I was able to find a solution. Ever since fifth grade I have had trouble in Spanish class. Lots of times I would come after school to get help from my teachers, but it wouldn’t have a large effect on my grades. I was able to pass Spanish class in fifth and sixth grade by what little understand I had. Then in seventh grade I talked to my Spanish teacher telling her that I had a problem with Spanish and if she could spend some extra time with me to study. At first there wasnt much Change in my skills in Spanish, so my teacher suggested that we first find out what specifically is the problem by founding out my thought process found translating sentences. We will write a custom essay sample on Language of Math or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I learned that I took long time to translate sentences because I, first I think of the sentence, then I translate all the words in the sentence, and then finally apply grammar rules to the sentence. My teacher said that we had to find a way for me to translate a sentence at a quicker rate. The only idea we thought of to do this was practice, but I knew the effects of practice would take a long time and I needed to improve my grade in just a couple of months. I was depressed and afraid that I would never be able to speak or write Spanish well. I tried to think of other ways I could solve my problem, but nothing came to mind. Then one day one of my friends came to me for help in math. While telling me what problem was hard for him, he said something that Ill never forget as I live. He said Math is so complicated. Its like its another language. Now at first I didnt think much of my friends comment, but I started to think about it more and more and was seeing how true my friend’s statement was. Then I realized that math was another language, one that was based on nature, and logic. That an equation was a sentence filled with numbers and variables instead of words. This thought became amazing for me because I was starting to think I couldnt learn another language as long as I lived, when there was a language I was good in, one I understood and loved. After the incredible discovery of me knowing a language, I started to take a look at why I was good at math, but not Spanish. I found that math came easier to me because it was a language based on order where every rule had a purpose and reason behind it, while Spanish would have exceptions to grammar rules and in how a word would sound or look. I then asked how can I take what I know in math and use it to help me in Spanish. It took a while, but I started to think of sentences as math word problems where I would have a sentence in English and then I would take all the words that wasn’t an article or pronoun and translated the words like I was determining what information I got from a word problem. Then I added the operations by applying grammar rules. Finally I simplified the equation by putting in the articles and pronouns. It wasn’t the best means of learning Spanish, but it helped me pass Spanish classes since seventh grade. I doubt Ill ever master Spanish, but I hope to one day fluent in the language of math.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Case Analysis Ockham Technology Essays

Case Analysis Ockham Technology Essays Case Analysis Ockham Technology Essay Case Analysis Ockham Technology Essay Equity distribution Divided only by capital amount No sales Non-compete term Made sales calls to non-compete clients Differentiate their products/services First big sale to IBM -?a million-dollar contract Joining ATSC to add credibility Company name -? legal issue Changed the company name from SouthPaw to Champ Complete No investors The first big sale convinced investor with foreseeable profits Jims connections (Yates, Gorgon, Brewer) introduced investors Complete No product unreliable development team Look for another deep. Team KNIT, Thoughtful, or Hotshot Coders Build a self-owned development team -? Anderson, Taylor, or others In-process Raise money Build a board Bobby Crews $1 Mom, 50% equity Monarch/Cordovan $1. Mm, 33. 33% equity Nor $mm, 18% annual return before anyone else got anything In-process Tension with Mike Jim Split up company responsibilities Mike Keep control, be partner In-process b. Assessment i. Jim proved the products value and feasibility through his first sale to IBM ii. His success in the first sales helped him win more chance of further capital iii. He founded a team with diverse and complement background, which has contributed to forming an idea, developing a business plan, managing the product, and achieving the first successful sale. Iv. He fully used his connections to reach out to more talents and resources v. Though facing tons of problems, Jim and his team has overcome many of them and worked hard to solve the rest. They also have strong work ethic by obeying the non- compete term with TAG. 2. How will the current fund-raising efforts affect the formation of Chasms board of directors? A. Fund-raising and board orientation Fund-raising Board Composition pros Cons Bobby Crews 50% equity $ 1 Mom Jim, Mike, and Bobby Abundant money Bobby knows little about this business Bobby want half of equity Monarch/Cordovan 33% equity $1. Mm Jim, Mike, 1 or 2 PVC(s) from M/C, maybe 1 outsider A fast-growing PVC Bring more resources/value in the future < $2mm Relatively high equity requirement Noro $4mm 18% annual return before anyone getting anything Jim, Mike, 2 VCs from Noro, 1 outsider Biggest VC in the Atlanta area Rich resources and experience Over-influence from one VC -? Noro Investing in return rather than equity may lead to myopia on short-term profits Use two or more Vs. Jim, Mike, PVC from dif. Companies, 1 outsider Diverse board composition More capital Vs. may take over too much equity Less control 3. If you were Jim, how would you handle the increasing tension between y and Mike? A. Pros and Cons Jim Split up responsibilities Mike Involve in all decisions Be partners Pros More resources Grow faster Long-term profits More control More profits in a short term Sacrifice short-term profits Limited resources and development Less competitive b. Solution i. Negotiate with Mike ii. Identify common goals 1. Development: Long-term vs. Short-term 2. Long-term profits vs. Temporary more control iii. Define an acceptable range of decision-making for Mike iv. Emphasize Mikes importance to the company v. Explain why/how dividing the company into pieces will benefit more to try company and themselves vi. Convince Mike to agree on splitting up the companys responsibilities but secure his power and importance in this company 4. Should Champ outsource its system-development efforts?

Friday, November 22, 2019

Cortez Surname Meaning and Origin - About Genealogy

Cortez Surname Meaning and Origin - About Genealogy Commonly considered a variation of Cortà ©s, Cortà ©z is a Spanish or Portuguese (Cortà ªs) surname derived from the Old French corteis or curteis, meaning courteous or polite. The descriptive surname was often bestowed as a nickname to a man of good education, or one who was considered refined or accomplished. The Cortez surname is the Spanish/Portuguese equivalent of the English surname Curtis. Cortes may also be a geographical, or habitational name from any of the many places in Spain and Portugal called Cortes, the plural of corte, meaning a court of a king or sovereign. Cortez is the 64th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Portuguese Alternate Surname Spellings:  CORTES, COURTOIS, COURTES, CURTIS   Famous People with the Surname CORTEZ Hernn Cortà ©s / Hernando Cortà ©s - Spanish conquistador of the Aztec empire, and Governor of New Spain (later to become Mexico) from 1521 to 1528.Alfonso Cortà ©s - Well-known Nicaraguan poet.Gregorio Cortez – A Mexican American folk hero to Mexicans in the American Old West. Where Do People With the Cortez Surname Live? The surname distribution data at  Forebears  ranks Cortà ©z  as the 984th most common surname in the world, identifying it as most prevalent in the Philippines and with the highest density in El Salvador. The Cortes spelling is more popular worldwide, ranking 697th. Cortes is found most prevalently in Mexico, and by the greatest percentage of population in Chile. Cortes is also the spelling now more commonly found in Spain, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler,  especially in the Extremadura region along the border with Portugal.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname CORTEZ 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? How to Research Hispanic HeritageLearn how to get started researching  your Hispanic ancestors, including the basics of family tree research and country specific organizations, genealogical records, and resources for Spain, Latin America, Mexico, Brazil, the Caribbean and other Spanish speaking countries. Cortez Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Cortez family crest or coat of arms for the Cortez surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.   The Cortez DNA ProjectThis ancestral y-DNA testing project is open to any male with any spelling of the Cortez surname. The Genealogy of Hernando CortesA basic outline genealogy of some descendants of famous Spanish conquistador Don Hernando Cortes. GeneaNet - Cortez RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Cortez surname, with a concentration on records and families from France, Spain, and other European countries. CORTEZ Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Cortez surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Cortez query. FamilySearch - CORTEZ GenealogyAccess over 1.8 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Cortez surname and its variations on this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - CORTEZ Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Cortez. The Cortez Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Cortez from the website of Genealogy Today.Sources: Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Fallacies of the Anti-Federalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fallacies of the Anti-Federalists - Essay Example The same men who had thrown boxes of tea into Boston Harbor could hardly be expected to accept a new government that had many of the same confiscatory tendencies as the British government had. Even worse, while London was a boat ride of many months, the new American government would be able to back up its decrees with accessible military force. For a new government to be acceptable to the anti-Federalists, it would have to be far weaker than its British counterpart. One of the assertions of the anti-Federalists was that a "very extensive territory cannot be governed on the principles of freedom, otherwise than by a confederation of republics, possessing all the powers of internal government, but united in the management of their general, and foreign concerns" (Address and Reasons). While the British Empire covered much of the globe, it was in the initial stages of yielding its holdings to independence. Imagine how difficult it would be for a government in our own time to micromanage the affairs of such a large country - as the Soviet Union found out. In the late 1700's, there were not that many areas of life over which the government held sway. The provision of roads and public order were just about all that government could guarantee its citizens. In our own time, where government regulates such areas as public education, the insurance of bank accounts, the permitted forms of marriage, and other areas that the framers of the Constitution may n ever have imagined that their government would be asked to oversee. Imagine that, instead of fifty states, the United States were a looser confederation of fifty small republics, sort of like a European Union on a much larger scale. How would one separate the "internal" matters from those of "general concern" Richard Samuelson wrote an article wondering whether a return to the looser, states' rights-oriented philosophy of federalism would cure a lot of the cultural ills in the country. Because there are several polarizing issues of an ethical nature that are occupying the federal courts' dockets, it has been suggested that delegating more legal questions to the states to settle on their own, it has been argued, might well solve the problem for the federal government. An example he discusses is the issue of gay marriage. If states are permitted to set their own standards as to whether or not gay marriages will be legal, what happens if a couple moves from a gay-friendly state to a mo re conservative one If the gay couple adopts a child, and one of the members runs with the child to a state where their marriage is not recognized, how would the custody dispute be handled (Samuelson). In a looser confederation of republics, such legal situations would clearly overburden the court systems. A similarly polarizing issue that also was probably not something the framers would ever have considered something that would come under government purview is the question of abortion. If this were an issue that were left to the states, it would be

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgaria's market Research Paper

Business plan - how a bank can penetrate Bulgaria's market - Research Paper Example Bulgaria has been able to attract a significant level of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) from the year 2001. The financial Crisis that hit Bulgaria market in the year 2007-2010 marked an economic decline of up to 5.5% in the year 2009. Fortunately, the country regained a positive growth of close to 0.2 % in the year 2010, contrary to the rest of Balkan Countries (Lapteacru, 85). The country operates using one of the most stable currencies in Eastern Europe the Lev termed Leva when in plural form. The currency is pegged with the Euro with a prevailing rate of 1.95583in every Euro. Bulgarian strongest sectors include the energy, metallurgy, machine building, mining, agriculture and tourism. The primary exports from the industries include steel and iron, machinery and refined fuel, and clothing. The major obstacles towards foreign investment and economic growth involve inadequate R&D funding coupled with the development policies with unclear definition. The European and international ma rkets also experiences lower levels of competition and productivity. In the year 2012, the Bulgarian GDP attained a nominal of $ 50.78 billion, with $ 103.15 billion (PPP) in the same year. This marked a growth of 0.8% with a nominal of $ 6, 903. The GD per capita ranked at $ 14, 020 (PPP) with 5.6% in Agriculture, 31.1% in Industry and 63.2% in service. In the year 2012, inflation rate was experienced at 3%, with a population of 215 living under the poverty line by the year 2011. The Gini Co efficient ranked 28.2 in the year 2007 (Bulgarian - American Credit Bank AD 1200). The sources of wealth Top company profiles by name, revenue/profit, and ownership Lukoil Neftochim Bourgas locates at B urgas, Bulgaria. Lukoil acts as the chief oil refinery company in Bulgaria and South East Europe. The ownership of the company lies under Russian Oil giant LUKOIL. The refinery accounts for close to 7% of Bulgaria’s GDP, AND 25% in revenue to the state budget. LNB remains the chief produc er and supplier handling liquid fuel and related materials including petrochemicals and polymers in the country, and remains the leading company in the line of petroleum related products in Europe. The company provides a minimum of 8,500 Bulgarians with employment opportunities (Elenkov and Petkova 4). SWOT more geared towards Bulgarian economy as a whole rather than Private Wealth market Strengths A better part of the Bulgarian communist period concentrated on heavy industry despite the fact that biochemical and computer products came in play as valuable products in the year 1980. Since Bulgarian market relied on the Soviet market, the culmination soviet market coupled with the Warsaw Pact resulted into a major crisis that hit the country in the year 1990s. The first growth noted in the year 2000 has seen gradual but progressive growth the early 2000. Individual manufacturing industries’ performance appears uneven. The industry that experienced loss and has not been able to catch up with the Western Europe market includes food and tobacco processing companies. The textile industries experienced a decline in the mid-1990s, but since the year 2000 the clothing exports has experienced a steady growth (Erd?nc 78). The Bulgarian economy has experienced stability in the macroeconomic environment with low direct taxes over the years. The fiscal policy of the country also tends to have a significant element of

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Tourism in Philippine Essay Example for Free

Tourism in Philippine Essay The Philippine tourism industry flourished in the 1970s and early 1980s but declined in the mid 1980s, with the average length of tourist stay falling from 12. 6 days in earlier years to 8. 9 days in 1988. In 1987, tourism growth was slower in the Philippines than in other Southeast Asian countries. About 1. 2 million tourists visited the Philippines in 1992, which was a record high in the number of tourist visits since 1989. In 2000, the Philippines tourist arrivals totaled 2. 2 million. In 2003, it totaled 2,838,000, a growth of almost 29%, and was expected to grow as much as 3. 4 million in 2007. In the first quarter of 2007, the tourist arrival in the Philippines grew as much as 20% in same period last year. In 2011, the Department of Tourism recorded 3. 9 million tourists visiting the country,[5] 11. 2 percent higher than the 3. 5 million registered in 2010. In 2012, the Philippines recorded 4. 27 million tourist arrivals, after the Department of Tourism launched a widely publicized tourism marketing campaign titled Its More Fun In the Philippines. The tourism industry employed 3. 8 million Filipinos, or 10. 2 per cent of national employment in 2011, according to data gathered by the National Statistical Coordination Board. In a greater thrust by the Aquino administration to pump billions of dollars into the sector, tourism is expected to employ 7. 4 million people by 2016, or about 18. 8 per cent of the total workforce, contributing 8 per cent to 9 per cent to the nations GDP. Read more: Reasons Why Its More Fun in the Philippines

Thursday, November 14, 2019

International Public Health Policy Essay example -- Graduate Admission

International Public Health Policy    As a student of international public health, I intend to obtain an essential part of my instruction overseas. My formal education, with the potential to undermine more culturally appropriate knowledge and practices considering its decidedly Western perspective, is still incomplete. The Harvard Public Health Program will allow me the flexibility to learn Asian public health policy and programming, the benefit of which is undeniable. Asia has dealt admirably with the effects that rapidly changing socioeconomic conditions have had on health, particularly the emergence of chronic diseases that characterize industrialized nations side by side with infectious diseases that characterize still developing nations. All of this has been made even more complex by the emergence of new diseases such as AIDS. The decision to pursue public health was not a haphazard one, but the result of a thoroughly thought out estimation of my interests, concerns and capabilities. When I was seventeen, I wrote an essay for college that described my motivation and commitment to learning a subject well for a purpose. Sitting under covers in a small, poorly lit room, listening to my father swear at the walls during a cocaine high, I wanted to understand substance abuse and addiction. The purpose then was to "grow up and learn why people become addicted to things that hurt them, their bodies. . . and their children," and my intent was to use that information in my work as a substance abuse rehabilitation counselor. During my undergraduate years, I participated in numerous and rigorous courses related to my interest in substance abuse, one of which led to my involvement with a university-sponsored program called... ..., considering the World Health Organization's revised definition of health: "...a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease," and one that cannot be accomplished with too narrow a perspective. Similar to when I was seventeen, I am still learning for a purpose, having recognized that I will always feel the obligation to do so. Yet it is now with the blessing and encouragement of an international community with whom I attempt to bridge the growing inequity between our countries, actualizing that obligation through the transfer of the knowledge and experience that I am fortunate enough to receive. Most importantly, I wish to apply, on their terms, the theory, methodology, and technology that I have been taught, thereby fulfilling the responsibility that I have to use this knowledge in the most beneficial manner.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Health Care Museum Essay

1. Public Health As stated by Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health; Division of Health Care Services, Prior to the eighteenth century there was several epidemics of plague, cholera, and smallbox, which provoked sporadic public efforts to protect citizens in the face of a dread disease (1988, p.57). During the eighteenth century public health awareness and efforts helped disease to be seen through a new scope of human health conditions rather than a super natural effect that could be controlled through isolation of the ill and quarantine of people who traveled. Many people thought disease was contributed to poor moral or even a spiritual mediated factor that could be healed through prayer and/or meditation. Public Health has several improving factors amongst people in the United States. These improving factors include but are not limited to preventative measures of controlling infectious disease, immunizations, safer and healthier foods, and a cleaner environment. Public health has helped decrease hospital infections and diseases from spreading in numerous ways. One important contribution public health has implement is the education of hand washing in hospitals and with food handling as well. By educating people about hand washing, it has decreased transmission of bacteria from spreading to patient to patient. Proper steps such as lathering hands with soap, rubbing hands together for 15 seconds, using a clean paper towel to dry hands and lastly turning off water with a paper towel has help prevent transmission of multiple bacteria from spreading. 2. Penicillin Penicillin was discovered by Dr. Alexander Fleming in 1928. Dr. Alexander Fleming was a bacteriologist and discovered penicillin, a mold, when examining colonies of Staphylococcus aureus on petri dishes in his laboratory. Upon examining the colonies of Staphylococcus aureus there where areas that did not inhibit growth due to the Penicillin mold. This discovery was extremely important in history because it lead to the combat of infectious diseases. Penicillin was not used as an antibiotic until 1942. In 1942 Penicillin was used on its first patient who developed an infection after miscarrying. The clinical impact of penicillin was on a large scale of events, it has lead to a wide scale of antibiotics that is used today. These same technologies became the model for the development and production of new types of bioproducts (i.e., anticancer agents, monoclonal antibodies, and industrial enzymes). The clinical impact of penicillin was large and immediate. By ushering in the widespread clinical use of antibiotics, penicillin was responsible for enabling the control of many infectious diseases that had previously burdened mankind, with subsequent impact on global population demographics. Moreover, the large cumulative public effect of the many new antibiotics and new bioproducts that were developed and commercialized on the basis of the science and technology after penicillin demonstrates that penicillin had the greatest therapeutic impact event of all times (Kardos N, Demain Al) 3. American Red Cross The American Red Cross was founded in 1881 by Clara Barton. Clara Barton visited Europe and heard about the Swiss-inspired Red Cross. When she returned home from her visit she campaigned for an American Red Cross and for ratification of the Geneva Convention protecting the war-injured, which the United States ratified in 1882 (American cross.org). The purpose of the American Red Cross is to aid in giving relief and to help service a medium communication between the American armed forces and their families. During World War II, the American Red Cross initiated a national blood program that obtained over 13.3 million pints of blood for the armed forces. The American Red Cross has a huge impact nation wide and with the United States. The American Red Cross responds to aiding in major disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and wars. Their response system also educates in nutrition,  accident prevention, home care for the sick, safety training, CPR/AED training, HIV/AIDS education along with emotional care and support during disasters. One of the major contributing factors of the American Red Cross is its blood program. It’s blood program supplies more than 40 percent of the blood products in the United States (American Cross, 2014). Many hospitals and health care facilities acquire their blood products from the American Red Cross to transfuse into their patients, which has saved thousands of lives. 4. CPR CPR was developed in the 1700 to save the lives of drowning victims. Over a hundred years later, in 1891, Dr. Friedrich Maass performed the first documented chest compressions on a human. In 1960, a group of resuscitation pioneers, Drs. Peter Safar, James Jude, and William Bennett Kouwenhouven, combined mouth-to-mouth breathing with chest compressions to create Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, the lifesaving action we now call â€Å"CPR† (American Heart Association, 2014) CPR was once known to only be performed by people in the health care field. Today, there are more than 12 million people annually who are trained in CPR and advanced life support who certified to aid in rescuing lives. CPR has increased the survival rate of patients who are in sudden cardiac arrest. According to the American Heart Association, nearly 383,000 sudden cardiac arrests occur annually out of the hospital, and 88 percent of sudden cardiac arrests occur at home 5. MEDICARE In 1965 President Johnson signed into law the Medicare program. The Medicare program was put into place due to several Americans over 65 who were unable to obtain medical insurance. There were numerous factors leading to Americans not being able to have medical insurance. Some people were unable to pay for private insurance at the same time some employers do not offer medical insurance. According to the CMS (2013) on March 26, 1965 congressional leaders discussed the Medicare legislation plan. In this discussion it was stated that every American over the age of 65 will be guaranteed comprehensive Hospital medical protection for the rest of their life. For three dollars a month after he is 65, he also receives full coverage for medical, surgical, and other fees whether he is in or out of the hospital (p. 10). Today Medicare serves a large population for the  elderly and disabled individuals. There’s several different types of Medicare plans. There is a medical Medicare part a Medicare part B and the Medicare part C. Medicare part A and B is the original Medicare plans, Medicare advantage is part C and there’s also a prescription drug program which is part D Medicare advantage part C and part D are offered by private insurance companies. The wonderful thing about Medicare, is Medicare can be a supplement health insurance. Meaning that an individual can have a private health insurance such as Blue Cross or Blue Shield and in addition to that they can also have Medicare. For example if a patient has Blue Cross or Blue Shield that would be their primary insurance and Medicare would be their secondary insurance. Both insurances would be billed, leaving no out of pocket expenses for the patient. Our healthcare system evolves day by day. With new innovation and technology enhancements our healthcare delivery system has empowered us to provide the utmost quality of care. Form the public health system taking the preventative measures of controlling infectious disease is with the education of hand washing skills to the development of antibiotics. Penicillin paved the way for curing infections, thus improving life expectancy. Penicillin was first antibiotic to be used on a human being, and has also enabled scientists to develop and produce different types of new antibiotics. The introduction of cardio pulmonary resuscitation helps save lives every day, whether the patient be in or out of the hospital setting. With the help of the American Red Cross educating and training thousands of people to perform CPR, CPR has increased the survival rate of many people who fall victim to the sudden cardiac arrest. Not only has the American Red Cross assisted in educating people on how to perform CPR but also has saved thousands of lives with its blood program. Its blood programs supplies 40% of the United States blood products, impacting the lives of individuals who need a blood transfusion as well as their loved ones. The American Red Cross has helped in aid relief efforts for major disasters and is a crucial link between families and the Armed Forces. As a link between Armed Forces and families the American Red Cross facilitates the transportation of military men and women with the connection to their ill family member(s). As people’s life expectancy tends to increase many people who are 65 and  over utilize the need for Medicare. Medicare pays for millions of senior citizens including those who are disabled. The healthcare system is a huge umbrella, where each part functions as a whole, one cannot function without the other. References American Heart Association. (2014). CPR Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/CPRAndECC/WhatisCPR/CPRFactsandStats/CPR- Statistics_UCM_307542_Article.jsp American Red Cross. (2014). A Brief History of the American Red Cross. Retrieved from http://www.redcross.org/about-us/history Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2013). CMS History Project Presidents’ Speeches Table of Contents pdf. Retrieved from http://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency- Information/History/Downloads/CMSPresidentsSpeeches.pdf Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health; Division of Health Care Services. (1988). The future of public health. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Kardos N, Demain AL. (2011). Penicillin: the medicine with the greatest impact on therapeutic outcomes. NCBI. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21964640 Kardos N, Demain AL.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Explore the memories of childhood Essay

Explore the memories of childhood presented in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class† by Carol Ann Duffy and â€Å"Childhood† by John Clare The memories of childhood presented in the two poems â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class† by Carol Ann Duffy and â€Å"Childhood† by John Clare are explored in many different ways. One of the ways Duffy explores the memories of childhood is by remembering the happiness of being a child and creating a happy tone. â€Å"Sugar paper. Coloured shapes. Brady and Hindley faded, like the faint, uneasy smudge of a mistake. † This quotation shows that Duffy explores her memories of childhood to be happy by describing a horrendous crime to have disappeared in Mrs Tilscher’s classroom. â€Å"Uneasy smudge of a mistake† suggests the horrific incidents to have been rubbed away because it is so happy and peaceful when you are in Mrs Tilscher’s class room. Brady and Hindley’s horrifying antics also suggest the dangers of the adult world. It also gives the impression that the classroom is like a different world, a fantasy world where only happiness exists. The way Duffy mentions the sugar paper and the coloured shapes also give a sense of happiness because it makes the reader think of bright colours and activities which are associated with the pleasure of being a child. Likewise, in â€Å"Childhood† Clare also describes the contentment of childhood. â€Å"On the heaths, in the meadows beside the deep lake, and return’d with torn clothes all covered wi’ burrs. † This quotation shows how happy childhood was for Clare. The idea of nature presented in this quotation gives the impression of blissful children exploring the outside world. It gives this impression by mention â€Å"the meadow by the deep lake,† these words are in connotation to nature and outdoor life. A sense of freedom is also created as Clare uses a care free tone to describe where the children would play. â€Å"and return’d with torn clothes all covered wi’ burrs,† this section of the quotation creates a feeling of freedom and cheerfulness as Clare exclaims his clothes were ripped and torn but the care free tone he uses suggests he didn’t care and that he shed no guilt because of this, he was just having fun, which explores the idea of childhood innocence. Even though a happy sense of youth is produced in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class,† Duffy makes the happiness seem to diminish throughout the poem. â€Å"You asked how you were born, and Mrs Tilscher smiled, and then turned away. † This shows that the innocence of the children is starting to pass away. The fact that Mrs Tilscher smiles and turns away, when â€Å"asked how you were born,† conveys a sense that she does not want to encourage the children to loose their childhood innocence by telling them such mature things. This is a sign of sexual awareness created by Duffy because the topic of sexual nature is starting to be explored at this stage in a child’s life. Duffy also creates a feeling that the children look towards Mrs Tilscher for comfort but they both feel that it is time to move on in the direction of growing up. Duffy does this by making the child try on last attempt to stay in the safeness and secure, safe womb of the primary school. As Mrs Tilscher turns away is signifies the fact that her time is over teaching this particular class. This conveys a sense that joyfulness is slipping away. â€Å"A rough boy told you how you were born. † This quotation shows the â€Å"rough boy† who reveals how you were conceived is another sign of maturity. For children it is like finding out there is no Father Christmas. It gives the impression that life won’t be the same again. The structure of the two poems, is different. In â€Å"Childhood,† Clare has created a regular rhyme scheme to the poem. â€Å"O dear to us ever the scenes of our childhood The green spots we played in the school where we met The heavy old desk where we thought of the wild-wood Where we poured o’er the sums which the master had set. † This is a fraction of the first stanza of the poem which shows the rhyming pattern. It has a sort of â€Å"sing-song† rhythm to it, which is reminiscent of the nursery rhymes sang when a young child. In contrast to this, in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s classroom,† there is no regular rhyme scheme. â€Å"You could travel up the Blue Nile, With your finger, tracing the route While Mrs Tilscher chanted the scenery†¦ † This quotation is also from the first stanza of the poem, and there is no regular rhyme scheme. But as there are four stanzas in this poem, each stanza can be said to represent a different area of development. For example, the first stanza represents escapism. â€Å"You could travel up the Blue Nile with your finger,† this gives the impression that you can physically escape from your troubles and actually travel up the Blue Nile with your imagination. This conveys a sense that Mrs Tilscher’s classroom is a safe and comforting place to be. The final stanza represents moving on and growing up. â€Å"A rough boy told you how you were born. You kicked him, but stared at your parents, appalled when you got home. † This quotation gives the impression that the safety that Mrs Tilscher provided for you, is now slipping away as you are being introduced to bullies, and people who know more about the world than you do. It conveys a sense that the innocence and virtue of being a child has gone because you are growing older and maturing into adolescence. In â€Å"Childhood,† the final stanza creates a sense of closure. â€Å"There’s nought to compare to the days of our childhood. † This quotation suggests that nothing is as good as childhood and it was obviously an exciting part of life for Clare. It also makes the reader feel as if that is the end, there was no moving on to a different stage of life or growing older into a teenager. Clare creates this feeling by saying nothing compares to his childhood giving the impression that his teenage and younger life was not as exciting and stimulating as his childhood days. It is as if Clare wanted childhood to be everlasting. Likewise in â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class,† there is also a sense of closure. â€Å"Reports were handed out. You ran through the gates, impatient to be grown,† This quotation also gives the impression of the ending of being in Mrs Tilscher’s class, as Duffy mentions reports were handed out, this usually happens at the end of an academic year, which makes the reader think of a new teacher and a new class. It also creates a sense of moving on to another year of school. It suggests that there is more to come of life but not as in childhood, in more of an adult nature. A feeling of finishing is also created. In conclusion, the two poems â€Å"In Mrs Tilscher’s class† and â€Å"Childhood† have many similar and different references.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

not a usual case essays

not a usual case essays Some critics have ever commented that Willa Cather was one of the few uneasy survivors of the nineteenth century. Holding traditional values tightly, she rejected modernity and tried to escape into the shelter of the past as she made her solemn statement that the world broke into two. Most of her works are a fictional projection of her crisis in life. So is Pauls Case. Having deep abhorrence for the drab school life, dull life in his residence, Paul refuges himself to the local theatre and Carnegie Hall as an usher, where he felt a sudden zest of life and resurrects from spiritual deadness, where he passionately works, steeped into music , forgetting the mundane disturbance. From the very beginning of the story, it is introduced that Pauls case is not a usual one because his teachers make their charges against Paul with such a rancor and aggrievedness... In fact, Paul himself is absolutely not a usual boy because you will find that he is in possession of the strong air of artist, extraordinary, imaginative, always dreaming of perfect, splendid, brilliant and poetic things and picturesque life as well. Therefore, he is not well accepted by the reality, deep in the conflicts of individual and society, of his self in reality and in illusion. After he is aware that what he is facing is insoluble and implacable, he takes ending his life as solution t o his dilemma. Though tragic, I still think he completes his seeking for real self in a certain sense. It is sufficiently evidenced that Paul is depicted as an artist-like young man in the story. For instance, and Paul thought it very becoming-though he knew that the tight, straight coat accentuated his narrow chest, about which he was exceedingly sensitive. At this point, I believe Paul shares with artist one thing that is to fix attention to ...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Use Your Marketing Calendar Without WordPress

Use Your Marketing Calendar Without WordPress Youre a fan (because youre awesome). So you know  you traditionally started with a WordPress blog, then connected it to your marketing calendar. Well, now works as a fully functional, all-in-one marketing calendar- even outside of WordPress. You heard that right: You can now use as a standalone content calendar for any marketing youre planning- and you can get started with or without WordPress! Use Your Marketing Calendar Without WordPress [New Feature!]Plan Everything In One Marketing Calendar Theres a lot more to marketing than just blogging with your WordPress blog. Theres a brand new way to use to plan any  type of content: E-books Advertisements Twitter chats Brochures White papers Events Videos You get the picture. Now you can use s content feature to plan, write, and manage all of your marketing projects from beginning to end. Create Content Super Easily There are many different ways to create content. Now you can use and connect those directly  into : s content editor Evernote Google Docs WordPress However you  manage your content, brings it together into a single marketing calendar to help you plan everything together. That saves loads of time sifting through emails  and  searching for links. Use Your Content Anywhere Once youre done creating your content, you can easily export it to use it anywhere: Download it as HTML. Download it to a  PDF. Export it as a WordPress blog post. Share a link for others to see and download it (great for approvals and  content partnerships). Want it as a Word doc? That’s coming your way soon. Share Any Online Content Via Social Media Wherever you publish your content, you can always use your  social queue in to share it with your fans, followers, and friends. Use With Or Without WordPress You can always add in your WordPress blog later. So theres nothing stopping you from starting your free 14-day trial of . Get started today with your marketing calendar for everything! How will you use your marketing calendar without WordPress?

Saturday, November 2, 2019

U.S. History Civil War-Present Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

U.S. History Civil War-Present - Assignment Example On the other hand, social conservatism were those who were staunch supporters of social values. The two types of conservatives have worked towards building the political position of America up o where it is as of now. Different leaders supported conservatism in their own ways. For instance, President J. F. Kennedy, illuminated conservatism by advocating that all rights of the people are protected. During the 80’s president Ronald Regan favored the conservative side by reducing taxes, deregulation, increasing the US military budget, just to mention but a few (Berkin, 1865). This era was dubbed as the ‘’Regan era’’. Initially, conservatism was only associated with the Republican Party. However, things started changing in the 50’s where southerners became conservatives due to segregation. This triggered a coalition that helped to foster domestic legislation. The union of the two conservatives came up with ideologies that were not well received by the Soviet Union. In the end, the Soviet Union could no longer trust the United States hence the beginning of a historical rivalry (Berkin, 1865). The Soviet Union was so engrossed in its bid to expand communism that it started creating alliances with different nations against America. In the end, America is seen as a country whose cultural structure influences how politics are run. And this works best for America as a nation. In as much as the Soviet Union was not impressed by this move, the American culture stood the test of time of the soviet’s opposition. The 1980s American history shaped the nature of difference in cultural and social standings in the state. Reagan’s administration applied various responsive measures to balance these differences. A later influx of other cultures such as Latinos and Asians made these efforts more difficult. In the 1980s the United States embarked on a worldwide mission to spread its democratic ideals. It is the systems and institutions set up during this time that

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Coca cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Coca cola - Essay Example The waste reduction strategies do not reduce current production’s quality level. Initially, the lean production strategy was crafted to cater to the production line of one of Japan’s top selling car models, Toyota. Toyota’s lean production cropped up after World War II. Japan was just recovering from the war loss. Lean production is a continually innovative process. Daily, the production line and staff personnel as well as production management team continue to find ways to reduce production wastes. Lean production reduces the avoidable costs, expenses, and costs associated with typical production processes. The typical production process includes employees accidentally generating avoidable wastes, expenses, and costs to delay the production process and delaying (reducing) revenue generation. Further, the lean production strategy can cover all the business entities’ activities. The activities may include the design of the product as well as the production process. The activities include the production of the company’s saleable or finished products. The activities include the marketing department’s product delivery and selling processes (Jones, 2013). Coke implements several lean production strategies. The strategy significantly reduces production expenses. Initially, coke marketed its quality coke products as having the same taste around the world. To do this, coke used only one water source. The singular source came from only one place. The company exported the coke products to different countries around the world. However, the cost of shipping the coke products increased as the distance between the original home production facilities to the country of destination (Marcotte et al., 2012). Consequently, the higher shipping and production costs of products sold in very far away countries generated a lower net profit than coke products sold in places nearer the production facilities. As the distance between

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Comparison of Marge Piercy and Kate Chopin articles on Women's Essay

Comparison of Marge Piercy and Kate Chopin articles on Women's Oppression - Essay Example As the essay states the work by Piercy presents the women's oppression by use of symbolism. The woman in the context is as the Bonsai tree which is and not allowed to grow and attain maximum height. The desired height of the tree by the gardener is nine inches, which represent absolute oppression when elaborated by the tree height. The height of the tree is a metaphor to represent the nature and the level of oppression meted at the women by male world. Despite limiting the growth of the woman, the gardener reasons in the concluding instance of the story, that the woman is lucky to have him because he considers the woman as domestic and weak. According to the report it is clear that compared to A story of the hour by Kate Chopin, the poem represents oppression using absolute symbolism, but both stories elaborate the role of men in the oppression and struggle for liberation. The failure in women's liberation is by the trust and love they profess to have. The difference between the poem and the story is based on the actions taken by women in the story. In both cases, they do not take any action to overcome the situation. The Kate Chopin story reveals oppression using a marriage setup. The marriage of Louise Mallard to Brently and perceived death of Brently is the focus of the story. The perceived death in a rail accident helps to build the women's oppression. In the story, after learning of the death, Louise uses the word â€Å"free† to illustrate the oppression in her marriage.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

The Role of Quality Assurance in Education

The Role of Quality Assurance in Education Providing quality education at a higher level is the need of an hour. Much emphasis has been given to the basic education in the recent past, but providing quality education at a higher level has received ignorance. Quality dimensions seem to have two implications i.e functionality of the output and meeting the basic standards. Hence, the quality of a higher education system may be seen from the point of view of norms and standards, which may evolve depending on the need of an hour. Sustaining quality in teacher input like: curriculum design and development; evaluation of learners performance and progress vis-à  -vis curriculum evaluation and quality management practices become crucial. Therefore, sharing of the experiences among institutions on quality issues may generate ideas for evolving norms and strategies for their quality assurance of management processes, curricular inputs and practices and the evaluation system as well. Of late, various developments have been witnessed relating to quality assurance mainly through intervention of information and communication technologies in education, like networking of open learning system with traditional Universities interdisciplinary interactions at intra-institutional and inter-institutional level, incorporating self financing in their financial management, creation of different statutory and regulatory bodies and national level. Recommendations: Curriculum Planning and management should be studied in the perspective of knowledge management. Integrated approach by involving experts from different fields with major focus on sharing of experiences. Multidisciplinary curriculum must be developed with a view to cater to the needs and fulfillment of expectations of learners, teachers, parents, employers and society in general. Decentralization must be encouraged with a broad frame work of University system. Every University must have its own curriculum. Context, specificity and inquiry oriented experience must be reflected in the curriculum. Curriculum construction should transact in an authentic and real environment. Knowledge and skills must be developed with a view to provide relevance and meaningfulness. Learners involvement must be encouraged to link previous experience with present learning. Teachers should plan mentors of guiding learners to learn instead of directing them. Learners must have ample scope of formulate their own queries and have multiple interpretations of knowledge through self search and experimental learning. Assessment and Accreditation The higher education system of India needs to be expanded to a much greater scale to serve to the needs of Indian youth. Majority of the higher education institutes do not come anywhere near the level of average institutions of higher education in the advanced countries. This vast gap in standards and facilities has been a cause of constant anxiety and concern to the policy makers. The issue of accessibility of quality higher education needs to be addressed in the light of vast economic and social disparities, cultural and linguistic diversities together with the aspirations and capacities of potential students. The accessibility of quality higher education needs to be expanded from elitist to mass education. This issue has significant implications in the sense that it demands redefinitions of the aims of higher education. Recommendations: Accessibility and quality up gradation are inseparable dimensions of higher education. Both should be emphasized equally. The quantitative expansion of higher education for a sub continental size country is of paramount importance to mitigate disparities across regions, gender and social strata in education. Along with quantitative expansion improving quality of higher education is equally important. Emphasis on quality parameter becomes all the more necessary in the light of mushrooming of private institutions with opening up of Indian economy. Setting up of NAAC has sent the right and positive signals for generating and promoting awareness of urgent need of quality up gradation of Colleges and Universities. Quality upgradation is not a one time phenomenon. In view of this, post accreditation complacency must be arrested by evolving quality assurance mechanism for self regulation. The setting up of Internal Quality assurance cell is on such. Effectiveness of quality up gradation in higher education largely depends on quality of primary and secondary education. Institutional mechanism on patterns of NAAC may be set up at these levels. Periodic assessment should be conducted. Workshops/ Seminars/ Conferences and orientations/ Refresher courses should be organized during lean periods in institutional academic work so as not to upset the teaching schedule. More and wide parameters should be identified for assessing the quality of institutions. Assessment and accreditation work should be moved further to the level of teaching and research departments within Universities/ Colleges. While restructuring the syllabi and courses efforts should be made to develop an optimal combination of acquisition of theoretical and practical skills. In restructuring of syllabi, all stakeholders such as students, teachers and users of services should be involved. Examination reforms for regular and continuous assessment of students performance should be made. The critical review of activities of higher educational institutions as well as their budgets needs to be conducted to Phase out obsolete activities. Methods of Up gradation In the higher education system goal of providing quality can be achieved only by the realization of our internal and imperishable being. Our aim in higher educational system at promoting environmental protection, universal peace and internal co-operation, harmony and unity in external space can best be realized through internal purification and perfection. Our education system Endeavour to promote harmonious relationship between both the inner and outer dimensions of the individual environment and the cosmos. Our objective in higher education in not only to promote equality and social justice but also to provide the right kind of work ethos, professional expertise and leadership in all work of life. Above all our endeavor is to foster among teachers and students and through them in society generally integral development of various inherent in physical emotional, rational, aesthetic, ethical and spiritual education. For the higher education such as in technical education we arrange major programmes which are related to review and renewal of the curriculum for education and training of engineer and technicians, modernization of the laborites and workshops and removal of obsolescence and establishment of community polytechnics. For the higher education UGC is established and in addition the UGC has established NAAC to carry out periodical assessment of universities and colleges in the country. For the higher education Open University system such as IGNOU and Kota distance education council has been established so that the higher education gets much simpler and convenient. For the higher education a scheme of career orientation to education has also been launched and for this a number of institutions have introduced career oriented courses in different subjects. For this open learning systems and distance education courses have also contributed significantly to the diversification of courses so that the field of professional stress has come to laid on new areas of studies which have direct relevant to new industry. For the higher education in the field of diversification some selected committees or commission has also launched a TV programme for general awareness in natural science, social science and arts. For the higher education there are number of measures have been taken for quality improvement. These include the development of infrastructure, curriculum, human resource and research. In the higher education system we have to reform the examination system. There is also a programme for reform in the examination system and various experiments have been conducted to ensure that the students are freed from the burden of annual examination and are encouraged to continue to study throughout the entire period of study. Government should make a firm commitment to higher education institutes to make efforts to raise their own resources by raising the fee level, encouraging private donation and by generating revenue through consultancy and other activities. By the higher education we have to develop the national and social education development. The education should have: Address the problems of national development particularly issues concerning self finance, economic growth, employment and social and national integration. Should relate to the life, needs and aspirations of the people and held improve the productivity. Emphasis should be on work experience, vocational studies and improvement in scientific and technological education and research. Inculcate social, moral and spiritual values in the students and thereby society. Role of NGO in education A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons that operates independently from any government and a term usually used by governments to refer to entities that have no government status. In the cases in which NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the organization. The term is usually applied only to organizations that pursue some wider social aim that has political aspects, but that are not overtly political organizations such as political parties. Unlike the term intergovernmental organization, the term non-governmental organization has no generally agreed legal definition. In many jurisdictions, these types of organization are called civil society organizations or referred to by other names. NGO plays a very vital role in growth of higher education particular in the present scenario of competitive world. There should be partnership between higher educational bodies and NGO in various activities such as: NGO conduct orientation programmes for training of new teacher and also refresher courses in various disciplines for in-service teachers to enable them update their knowledge by some selected members of NGO. NGO helps to enrich the quality of higher education, a country wide classroom programme was launched. In higher education programme NGO also helps in some schemes such as a special films on various subjects are prepared and telecast for the benefit of students and teachers. For the higher education NGO also set up to produce special films and a large numbers of video tapes are being product for transmission on the national T.V. network. NGO helps participating in and contributing to major debates concerning the direction and future of society is seen as a major task. NGO helps to improve productivity by emphasis-sing work experience vocational, improvements in scientific and technological education and research and in many other wide areas. Public Private Partnership (PPP) on Higher Education in India What is PPP? Public-private partnership (PPP) describes a government service or private business venture which is funded and operated through a partnership of government and one or more private sector companies PPP involves a contract between a public-sector authority and a private party, in which the private party provides a public service or project and assumes substantial financial, technical and operational risk in the project. Need for PPPs The provision of schooling is largely provided and financed by governments. However, due to unmet  demand for education coupled with shrinking government budgets, the public sector is developing  innovative partnerships with the private sector. Increased private investment is thus imperative to expand infrastructure and provide greater access to quality higher education in India. EY FICCI report emphasizes that PPPs (Public Private Partnership) could be an effective mechanism for attracting much needed private sector investment in the Indian Higher education system without diluting the regulatory oversight of the Government and other regulators Common Misconceptions about PPPs Public private partnerships are the same as privatization By entering into a public private partnership, public sector loses control over the provision of  services Public private partnerships apply only to infrastructure projects The principal reason for government entering into public private partnerships is to avoid debt Public sector employee will lose under public private partnerships The cost of service will  increase to pay for the private partners profit There are only two partners in a public private partnership Few Figures Indias enrollment figures in higher education remain abysmally low at a mere 11 % compared to that of the US and Canada, where over 60 % of college-age students access higher education, highlighting that public-private partnerships are critical for wooing investment in Indias higher education system. This shortfall in the number of young who are eligible for higher education and the existing infrastructure presents Indias unique challenge, in terms of the sheer scale of its population. India has over 400 universities and more than 20,000 colleges with an enrollment of 14 million students, yet it is grossly inadequate. Partnership Formats in Education This study while covering the concept of public-private partnerships, presents the basic modes of  partnerships that can exist between the government and the private sector in the field of education. PPPs involve the government and private players to work hand-in-hand for providing public infrastructure and other services, while jointly sharing the risks, rewards, investments and responsibility associated with the activity. Partnerships are established for varied reasons including construction, financing, design and maintenance of public infrastructure. PPP in social sectors such as health and education are sometimes referred to as Public-Social Private  Partnership (PSPP). A number of PPP models can exist that range from simple management contracts to BOOT formats. These formats vary in the kind of benefits they yield, few of such formats are Public Private Financing of Higher Education Science / Research Parks   University owned companies Research Focus The research focus is on Public-Private financing of higher education. Let us see this through couple of cases as mentioned below The Melaka-Manipal Medical College PPP Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) India entered into an agreement with Joint Venture Medical  College Corporation (JVMC) Malaysia to start a private medical college in Malaysia. The key objective was to provide additional doctors for Malaysia and offer opportunities for students in the region to study medicine at a cheaper cost than in the West. The agreement led to partnership between the State Government of Melaka, the Manipal Group and members of Indian Diaspora in Malaysia. The local government provided teaching staff, supervisory services along with financial assistance to students. It also allowed use of local government hospitals for training and teaching purposes On the other hand, the private partners contributed to the infrastructure for the Melaka campus with a provision of patient care service and training of staff in the health centers. The private partners also contributed by partially conducting the program in their India campus, as there was a shortage of faculty for basic sciences in Malaysia Benefits Creation of the new college was a step in the direction of increasing the doctor : population ratio. It also led to decreased financial burden for the government as infrastructure costs were borne by the college. The private partners on the other hand, gained an opportunity to establish a college leading to increased overseas exposure, establishment of global reputation and brand name. Funding Through Endowments In November 2008, Indian School of Business (ISB) signed an agreement with the Government of Punjab (GOP) to set up its second campus in India at the Knowledge City, Mohali. The cost of the project is INR 3000 million. To fund the project, ISB succeeded in getting four endowments of INR 500 million each from its founder supporters the Bharti Group, the Max Group, the Hero Group and the Punj Lloyd Group. In return for the endowments, ISB would set up four specialist centers for excellence named after its founder supporters, Max India Institute of Healthcare Management Bharti Institute of Public Policy BML Munjal Institute of Manufacturing and Operation Excellence Punj Lloyd Institute of Physical Infrastructure Management These centers of excellence would promote research in their specific fields as well as provide specialisation  options for management students Benefits For ISB, success in raising a large part of its project costs through endowments enabled achievement of its  growth plans. ISB also recieved commitments from its supporters to provide internships and recruit students from this campus On the other hand, the founder supporters were able to further research in areas of interest to them, as well as  attract more management students to focus and specialize in these areas. They also furthered the cause of improving the quality of education in their home state by attracting a leading management institution Recommendations Encourage private sector funding of higher education Introduce innovative PPP models which encourage high quality players from the private  sector to invest more in the higher education sector Provide tax incentives and simplify norms to attract private investments Enhance impact of Government funding Introduce a mechanism of performance based funding by the Government Encourage HEIs to move towards higher self generation of funds to meet operational expenses, so that Government funds are spent increasing on capacity expansion and quality improvement Rationalize tuition fee and build strong financing structures Rationalize tuition fee structures to internationally accepted levels (~25% of income) which would enable self sustenance of HEIs and reduce strain on public funding Differential pricing may be accorded for students belonging to economically weaker  sections Create robust financing system to support rationalized fee structure through encouragement of scholarships (public and industry sponsored) and increasing student loans coverage through special schemes Support raising of revenue through alternate sources Encourage higher education institutes to identify and develop innovative sources of income other than fees and grants, such as monetization of IP (research patents, licenses), organizing seminars/ public events, consulting etc. For this purpose, set out model practices, incentivize faculty through revenue sharing, and institutes through higher grants for better performance on these factors Develop supportive guidelines and norms to increase utilization of existing assets/land banks of higher education institutes Encourage industrial houses/individuals to give endowments to both public and private HEIs, by providing a 125% weighted tax deduction to all endowments to recognized universities, preferential allotment of seats etc. Improve management of finances at HEIs Support HEIs to obtain access to best in breed finance professionals Conduct seminars and short term courses to share best practices in management of operations at HEIs in order to improve utilization of available finances